The effect of extraction conditions on the antioxidant activity of black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.)
Daftar Isi:
- Black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.) or commonly known as leunca has been widely used as medicinal purpose in many developing countries. Its fruits were proven to exhibit antioxidant properties and free radical scavenging activity. This research was aimed to study the effect of extraction conditions on the antioxidant activity of Solanum nigrum L. (SNL) extracts. The extracts were obtained by maceration method with different solvent system. The crude extracts were subjected to antioxidant activity, total phenolics, and total flavonoid tests. Maceration using aqueous ethyl acetate (7:3) resulted in extract with highest antioxidant activity, phenolic and flavonoid content. The best solvent for extraction was later used for determination of most suitable extraction condition regarding time and temperature. SNL was subjected to extraction under different extraction time and temperature. The result was that extraction for SNL fruits was most suitable to be done at temperature of 25°C for 24 hours, giving the antioxidant activity with IC50 of 434.44 mg/L, total phenolics and total flavonoid of 16.087 mg GAE/g sample and 0.511 mg QE/g sample, respectively. Moreover, a relationship between IC50 and total phenolic and flavonoid content was observed using the Pearson correlation analysis. Total extractable flavonoid content of the extract had the highest positive correlation (r=0.818) with antioxidant activity, which indicated that these compounds might be the most important antioxidant in the extract of SNL fruits.