Media Baru, Fragmentasi Dan Kontestasi Otoritas Keagamaan Di Aceh: Dari Ulama Lokal Ke Ustaz
| Main Authors: | Saputra, Eko, Fadhli, Fadhli |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article info application/pdf eJournal |
| Bahasa: | eng |
| Terbitan: |
Center for Research and Development of Religious Literature and Heritage, Agency for Research and Development and Training, Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia
, 2020
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: |
https://jlka.kemenag.go.id/index.php/lektur/article/view/806 https://jlka.kemenag.go.id/index.php/lektur/article/view/806/441 |
Daftar Isi:
- This article discusses the 'shift' and †̃contestation' of religious authority in Aceh. The emergence of the ustadz Salafi through new media has fragmentation traditional religious authorities and at the same time has been created religious contestation in Aceh. Interestingly, the contestation occurred among between fellow traditional religious authorities, not but between new religious authority and traditional religious authority (or vice versa). This study used field research collaborated with the netnography (online) of "local ulama" (abu, waled, teungku) and "ustaz Salafi". The study indicated that not all religious actors who are born through new media are said to be †̃lumpen-intelligentsia', namely religious actors who donâ€TMt have solid "religious knowledge". On the one hand, the consequence of "technological determinism" gave birth to "democratization of religious knowledge" which led to fragmentation of religious authority, shifting and contestation of religious authority. The emergence of the ustadz Salafi and the delocalization of their religious messages through online media also resulted in delocalized religious messages to wider regional, regional and religious boundaries. Keywords: authority, contestation, fragmentation, new media.  Tulisan ini mengkaji tentang fragmentasi dan kontestasi otoritas keagamaan di Aceh. Kemunculan ustaz Salafi melalui media baru membuat otoritas keagamaan tradisional di Aceh mengalami fragmentasi dan secara bersamaan menimbulkan kontestasi otoritas keagamaan. Yang menarik, kontestasi otoritas keagamaan tersebut terjadi antar sesama otoritas keagamaan tradisional, bukan melainkan antara otoritas keagamaan baru dengan otoritas keagamaan tradisional (atau sebaliknya). Kajian ini menggunakan penelitian lapangan (field research) yang dikolaborasikan dengan netnografi (online) “ulama lokal†(abu, waled, teungku) dan “ustaz Salafiâ€. Kajian ini menunjukan bahwa tidak semua aktor keagamaan yang terlahir melalui media baru dikatakan sebagai lumpen-inteligentsiaâ€TM yaitu agamawan yang tidak memiliki keilmuan agama yang kokoh. Ini dapat ditunjukkan melalui hasil kajian penulis atas kemunculan ustaz Salafi yang berdakwah melalui media baru. Kehadiran ustaz Salafi menggeser ulama lokal hingga memberikan tantangan bagi otoritas keagamaan ulama lokal. Konsekuensi dari †̃determinisme teknologiâ€TM (determism of technology) melahirkan "demokratisasi pengetahuan agama†yang menyebabkan terjadinya fragmentasi dan kontestasi otoritas keagamaan. Munculnya ustaz Salafi dan delokalisasi pesan-pesan keagamaannya melalui media online juga berdampak terhadap pesan-pesan keagamaan terdelokalisasi ke batas-batas wilayah, daerah dan keagamaan yang lebih luas. Kata Kunci: fragmentasi, kontestasi, media baru, otoritas keagamaan.
- The emergence of new media has implications for the shifting, and contestation of religious authorities. This phenomenon dosnâ€TMt only occur in Middle Eastern countries; Egypt, Arab, Emirate Arab and Qatar, in various parts of the world; Western Europe, America and Southeast Asia especially Indonesia also experience the same phenomenon. In Indonesia, among them are Aceh, which is said to be Nangroe Aceh Darussalam or Nangroe Syari'ah shifts and contestations of religious authority also occurs. The emergence of a new authority initiated by Salafi groups in Aceh shifted the old authority (Abu Waled and Tengku), and in the end both authorities carried out religious contestation. This research examines the shifting and contestation of religious authorities in Aceh. This article seeks to discussing what initiated the shifting of traditional religious authority in Aceh? And how did the religious contestation of the new authority with traditional authority in Aceh occur? To answer the question of the researcher, the author collected data, both field (ethnography) and online (netnography), which then carried out analysis, mapping and data withdrawal. Furthermore, data findings are discussed with topics that are relevant to this study. The subjects of this study were local ulama (Abu, Waled, tengku) and Ustadz Salafi has manhaj sunnah. The results of this study indicate that the shift and contestation of religious authorities in Aceh was initiated by: first the emergence of new religious actors (Ustaz Salafi), the two differing Islamic ideologies between local Ulama with Ustaz Salafi, the three occurrences of divisions, four religious conflicts, five social media appearance, and last to six the Islamism waves.