Keefektifan Bakteri Asal Lahan Gambut sebagai Agens Pengendalian Penyakit Kresek dan Pupuk Hayati pada Tanaman Padi
| Main Authors: | Giyanto, Giyanto, Nurmansyah, Ali |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article info application/pdf eJournal |
| Bahasa: | ind |
| Terbitan: |
The Indonesian Phytopathological Society (Perhimpunan Fitopatologi Indonesia)
, 2021
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: |
http://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/jfiti/article/view/34620 http://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/jfiti/article/view/34620/21617 |
Daftar Isi:
- Penggunaan mikrob untuk pengendalian penyakit dan pupuk hayati telah dikembangkan sebagai alternatif bagi pengembangan pertanian ramah lingkungan. Upaya mendapatkan mikrob tersebut terus dilakukan dengan eksplorasi mikrob dari berbagai tipe habitat ekologi untuk mendapatkan yang diinginkan. Lahan gambut diduga mengandung banyak jenis mikrob khususnya bakteri yang berpotensi sebagai agens antagonis sekaligus pupuk hayati yang bermanfaat bagi tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan galur bakteri yang berpotensi mengendalikan penyakit kresek atau hawar daun bakteri yang disebabkan oleh Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae sekaligus sebagai pupuk hayati. Tahapan penelitian mencakup pengambilan sampel, isolasi bakteri asal lahan gambut serta uji potensinya sebagai agens hayati terhadap X. oryzae pv. oryzae, uji keamanan hayati, karakterisasi galur potensial, uji keefektifan bakteri sebagai agens antagonis sekaligus pupuk hayati in planta. Bakteri yang diisolasi dari tanah hutan gambut dan sawah bekas lahan gambut ialah sebanyak 134 isolat bakteri dan 40 di antaranya memiliki karakteristik morfologi yang berbeda. Sebanyak 14 galur bakteri asal tanah gambut mampu menekan perkembangan X. oryzae pv. oryzae. Karakterisasi 14 galur bakteri terhadap uji hypersensitive response, hemolisis agar-agar darah, kemampuan menambat nitrogen, siderofor yang dihasilkan, pelarut fosfat serta degradasi selulosa menghasilkan empat galur bakteri potensial. Keempat galur ini tidak berpotensi sebagai patogen terhadap tanaman maupun mamalia serta memiliki karakter sebagai pupuk hayati. Uji in planta empat galur bakteri ini menunjukkan bahwa bakteri tersebut mampu menekan keparahan penyakit hawar daun pada padi serta meningkatkan pertumbuhan padi pada fase vegetatif.
- Effectiveness of Bacterial from Peatlands as Biological Control Agents of Bacterial Leaf Blight Disease and Bio-Fertilizer in Rice The use of microbes for disease control and biological fertilizers has been developed as an alternative to the development of environmentally friendly agriculture. Exploration of microbes from various types of ecological habitats is continuously being carried out to obtain the potential microbes. Peatlands are thought to contain many types of microbes, especially bacteria that may play a role as antagonistic agents as well as biological fertilizers that are beneficial to plants. This study aimed to obtain bacterial strains that have the potential to control bacterial leaf blight (BLB) diseases on rice caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae as well as biological fertilizer. Research methodologies included sampling, isolating bacteria from peatlands and testing their potential as biological agents against X. oryzae pv. oryzae, biosafety tests, characterization of potential strains, test of the effectiveness of bacteria as antagonistic agents as well as biological fertilizers in planta. As many as 134 bacteria isolates were isolated from peat forest soil and former paddy fields and 40 of them showed different morphological characteristics. A total of 14 bacterial strains from peat soil were able to suppress the development of X. oryzae pv. oryzae. Characterization of 14 bacterial strains against the hypersensitive response (HR) test, blood agar hemolysis, nitrogen fixing ability, the resulting siderophore, phosphate solvent and cellulose degradation resulted in four potential bacterial strains. They have no potential as a pathogen for plants or mammals and have the character of a biological fertilizer. The in planta test of these four bacterial strains showed that these bacteria were able to reduce the severity of BLB disease in rice and increase rice growth in the vegetative phase.