STABILITAS KARAKTER MORFOLOGI 10 AKSESI CABE JAWA (Piper retrofractum Vahl.) DI KEBUN PERCOBAAN CIKAMPEK
| Main Authors: | Haryudin, Wawan, Rostiana, Otih |
|---|---|
| Other Authors: | BALAI PENELITIAN TANAMAN REMPAH DAN OBAT |
| Format: | Article info application/pdf eJournal |
| Bahasa: | eng |
| Terbitan: |
Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan
, 2016
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| Online Access: |
http://ejurnal.litbang.pertanian.go.id/index.php/bultro/article/view/1839 http://ejurnal.litbang.pertanian.go.id/index.php/bultro/article/view/1839/5601 |
Daftar Isi:
- ABSTRAK Cabe jawa (Piper retrofractum) adalah ta-naman obat asli Indonesia, yang dapat tumbuh di pekarangan, ladang atau tum-buh liar di tempat-tempat yang lembab. Buah, daun, dan akar cabe jawa dapat di-manfaatkan sebagai obat, tetapi utama-nya adalah buah. Buah cabe jawa me-ngandung zat pedas piperine, chavicine, asam palmetik, asam tetrahydropiperik, 1-undecylenyl-3, 4-methylledioxy benzen, piperidin, minyak atsiri, N-isobu-tyldeka-trans-4-dienamid, dan sesamin. Penelitian dilakukan di KP. Cikampek (50 m dpl tipe iklim C pada klasifikasi Schmidth dan Fer-guson), dengan menggunakan metode ob-servasi langsung tanpa ulangan terhadap koleksi cabe jawa hasil pengumpulan ta-hun 2003. Penelitian ini dilakukan sejak Ja-nuari sampai Desember 2005. Tujuan pe-nelitian adalah untuk mengetahui stabilitas karakter morfologi 10 nomor cabe jawa dan mutu pohon induk terpilih. Parameter yang diamati meliputi karakter morfologi daun, batang dan buah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 10 nomor aksesi yang diuji mampu beradaptasi baik pada lingkungan baru berdasarkan stabilitas karakter mor-fologi daun, batang, dan buah. Kecuali bentuk daun pada aksesi Piret 10, 14, 16, 18, dan 23 berubah dari lanset menjadi oval. Hasil analisis klaster dari 10 aksesi cabe jawa diperoleh 2 kelompok. Kelom-pok I terbagi lagi menjadi dua sub kelom-pok, yaitu sub kelompok satu terdiri atas 6 aksesi dan sub kelompok dua terdiri 2 aksesi yang dipisahkan oleh karakter pan-jang ruas batang terkecil (3,69-4,05 cm). Kelompok II terdapat dua aksesi yang di-pisahkan karakter lebar daun muda yang terkecil (2,11-3,48 cm). Kata kunci : Cabe jawa, karakter morfologi, stabilitas genetik ABSTRACT Stability of 10 Accessions of Java Long Pepper (Piper retrofractum Vahl.) Based on Their Morphological Characteristics at Cikampek Research Station Java long pepper (Piper retrofractum) is an Indonesian native medicinal plant, grows in the yard, field or any humid lands. Valuable parts of java long pepper used as medicine are fruit, leaves and roots. Fruits of java long pepper contains piperin, chavicine, palmatix acid, tetrahy-dropiperic acid, 1-undecylenyl-3, 4-me-thylledioxy benzene, piperidine, essential oil, N-isobutyldeka-trans-4-dienamide, and sesamine. An experiment was perfor-med in Cikampek Research Station (50 m above sea level, C climate type in the classification Schmidth and Ferguson). This experiment was conducted since Ja-nuary to December 2005. Direct observa-tion of some accessions was made to germplasm of java long peppers collected from production center areas in 2003. The aim of this study is to identify mor-phological stability of 10 accessions of java long pepper collection. Parameters observed were stem, leaves and fruit cha-racteristics. Results showed that 10 ac-cessions of java long pepper tested were adapted well at new agro-ecological areas based on stability of morphological charac-ter of leaf, stem and fruits. Except, shape of leaf have changed from lancet to oval. Further, cluster analysis showed that 10 accesions of java long pepper were clas-sified into 2 clusters. The first cluster was divided into 2 sub clusters on which the first sub cluster consists of 6 accessions and the second one consists of 2 acces-sions as classified by length of shortest stem node (3.69-4.05 cm). The second cluster, there were 2 accessions which were separated from one to the others based on the smallest leaves width (2.11-3.48 cm). Key words : Java long pepper, morphology character, genetic stability