PENETAPAN KADAR FENOL TOTAL DAN KATEKIN DAUN TEH HITAM DAN EKSTRAK ASETON TEH HITAM DARI TANAMAN CAMELLIA SINENSIS VAR. ASSAMICA
| Main Authors: | Paramita, N. L. P. V., Andari, N. P. T. W., Andani, N. M. D., Susanti, N. M. P. |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article info application/pdf eJournal |
| Bahasa: | eng |
| Terbitan: |
Program Studi Kimia, FMIPA, Universitas Udayana (Program of Study in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Udayana University), Bali, Indonesia
, 2020
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| Online Access: |
https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/jchem/article/view/57162 https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/jchem/article/view/57162/33499 |
Daftar Isi:
- Indonesia is quite well known as one of the countries that has tea plantations and uses its own production of tea. As a tea producing country, Indonesia has been able as a tea exporter. The most tea production in Indonesia is black tea product. Black tea products are produced from species Camellia sinensis Var. Assamica which undergoes an enzymatic oxidation process to fresh tea leaves. The most phenolic compounds contained in the black tea leaf are catechins, theaflavins, and thearubigin. The purpose of this study was to determine the phenolic total and catechin content of black tea products and acetone extracts produced by D'wan Tea (DT) and Bali Cahaya Amertha (BCA) plantations which located in Tabanan district, Bali. Determination of total phenol was carried out on black tea leaf products and acetone extract using the Folin-Ciocalteu method compared with gallic acid standards. Determination of catechin content was performed on fresh (before oxidized) tea leaves, black tea leaf products, and acetone extracts using the UV-Vis Spectrophotometry method at a maximum wavelength of 257 nm. The results showed that total phenol content of D'wan Tea black tea products (SDT) and Bali Cahaya Amerta (SBCA) were 1.50 ± 0.02 % mg GAE/g dan 0.97 ± 0.02 % mg GAE/g, respectively. Results of the total phenol content of D'Awan Tea (EADT) black tea acetone extract was 6.92 ± 0.12 % mg GAE/g, while the Bali Cahaya Amerta (EABCA) black tea acetone extract was 7.38 ± 0.07 % mg GAE/g. Catechin content from fresh leaf samples of D'wan Tea (SSDT), SDT, and EADT were 15.30 ± 0.22 % mg/g, 8.37 ± 0.13 % mg/g, and 37.45 ± 0.74 % mg/g. Catechin content of fresh leaf samples of Bali Cahaya Amerta (SSBCA), SBCA, and EABCA were 14.71 ± 0.28 % mg/g, 15.16 ± 0.58 % mg/g, and 35.66 ± 0.89 % mg/g. Total phenol content of DT black tea products is greater than BCA black tea products. DT black tea products appear to have decreased catechins in processing. In the processing of black tea it is necessary to decrease catechins content due to the formation of catechin polymers, namely theaflavin and thearubigin as a determinant of the quality of black tea. Keywords: black tea, Camellia Sinensis, cathecin, total phenol.
- Indonesia cukup dikenal sebagai salah satu negara yang memiliki perkebunan teh dan menggunakan teh hasil produksi sendiri. Sebagai negara penghasil teh, Indonesia telah mampu sebagai eksportir teh. Produksi teh di Indonesia yang terbanyak adalah produk teh hitam. Produk teh hitam dihasilkan dari tanaman teh Camellia sinensis Var. Assamica yang mengalami proses oksidasi enzimatis terhadap daun teh segar. Senyawa fenolik terbesar yang terkandung didalam dauh teh hitam adalah katekin, theaflavin, dan thearubigin Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menetapkan kadar fenol dan kadar katekin dari produk teh hitam dan ekstrak aseton yang dihasilkan oleh perkebunan D’wan Tea (DT) dan Bali Cahaya Amertha (BCA) yang terletak di kabupaten Tabanan, Bali. Penetapan kadar fenol total dilakukan pada produk daun teh hitam dan ekstrak aseton menggunakan metode Folin-Ciocalteu dibandingkan dengan standar asam galat. Penetapan kadar katekin dilakukan pada daun teh segar (sebelum teroksidasi), produk daun teh hitam, dan ekstrak aseton dengan metode Spektrofotometri UV-Vis pada Panjang gelombang maksimum 257 nm.. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar fenol total produk daun teh hitam D’wan Tea (SDT) dan Bali Cahaya Amerta (SBCA) berturut turut 1,50 ± 0,02 % mg GAE/g dan 0,97 ± 0,02 % mg GAE/g. Hasil Kadar fenol total ekstrak aseton teh hitam D’wan Tea (EADT) yaitu 6,92 ± 0,12 % mg GAE/g, sedangkan ekstrak aseton teh hitam Bali Cahaya Amerta (EABCA) yaitu 7,38 ± 0,07 % mg GAE/g. Kadar katekin dari sampel daun segar D’wan Tea (SSDT), SDT, dan EADT yaitu 15,30 ± 0,22 % mg/g, 8,37 ± 0,13 % mg/g, dan 37,45 ± 0,74 % mg/g. Kadar katekin sampel daun segar Bali Cahaya Amerta (SSBCA), SBCA, dan EABCA yaitu 14,71 ± 0,28 % mg/g, 15,16 ± 0,58 % mg/g, dan 35,66 ± 0,89 % mg/g. Kadar fenol total dari produk teh hitam DT lebih besar daripada produk teh hitam BCA. Produk teh hitam DT terlihat mengalami penurunan kadar katekin pada pengolahan. Pada pengolahan teh hitam memang diharuskan terjadi penurunan kadar katekin karena terbentuknya polimer katekin yaitu theaflavin dan thearubigin sebagai penentu kualitas teh hitam. Kata Kunci : Camellia Sinensis, fenol total, katekin, teh hitam.