Strategi dan Kelayakan Pengembangan Lembaga Intermediasi untuk Meningkatkan Daya Saing Usaha Kecil dan Menengah di Indonesia (Studi Kasus Balai Inkubator Teknologi di Puspiptek Serpong)
| Main Author: | Angkasa, Wisma Indra |
|---|---|
| Other Authors: | Hubeis, H. Musa, Panjaitan, Nurmala K. |
| Terbitan: |
IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
, 2011
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: |
http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/50883 |
Daftar Isi:
- Looking at the rapid growth of the development of global business environment, so the establishment of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) which has highly competitiveness is necessary conducted. One of the several important factors that influence the building of the SMEs mentioned above is the ability of innovation and technological capabilities. It is known that SMEs in Indonesia have weakness in acquiring the latest technology. One of the reason why the SMEs do not have the updated technology, is because they do not have the access to the Research and Development (R&D) Institutions which create the updated and the appropriate technology. In this instance, the SMEs is solely as the users of technology. In this concept of innovation systems, it is attempted an institution which has its role and function, as an intermediate actor between the R & D institutions and the SMEs. This intermediary institution, it is called Lembaga Intermediasi (LI). Based on reports of many research articles, nowadays, most of LI has not yet been able to carry out its role and functions optimally. For this reason, this research is conducted to view the performance one of the LI. This research is a case study, and has chosen one LI on purpose, that is the Technology Incubator Center (BIT) at Puspitek Serpong. The purpose of this study are (1) to identify the characteristic and conditions of BIT, (2) to identify the factors that influence the successes of BIT as LI, (3) to formulate a strategy and feasibility of developing BIT. Matrix IFE, EFE,IE, SWOT and QSPM are used for processing and data analyses in this research. The results of this study are as follow: The characteristic of BIT is one of several unit departments under guidance of Agency for The Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT). BIT is led by a head of department, and its organization form is adopted single structure. Factors that influenced the successes of BIT performance are the number of human resources, fund availability and financial services, infrastructure, networking, appropriate services and serious/strong commitment for tutoring and helping tenants (SMEs). Based on analysis of functional feasibility, BIT has fulfill the requirement as a good organization, as an intermediary institution and as a business incubator. Based on the determination of QSPM matrix, there are three main strategies to be implemented to BIT are: (1) To increase the utilization and the use of existing human resources to enlarge the number and to enhance the competitiveness of assisted SMEs, (2) To maintain and to enhance the quality and the quantity of technology services for SMEs assisted, via utilization technology produced by R & D institutions, (3) To maintain and to enhance the quality and the quantity of market access services to acquire bigger share of market potential (domestic and international) for assisted SMEs's products.
- Keberadaan Usaha Kecil dan Menengah (UKM) sangat besar perananannya dalam penyediaan lapangan kerja dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Dengan perkembangan lingkungan usaha global dengan tingkat persaingan yang sangat tinggi, maka pengembangan dan pembentukan UKM berdaya saing tinggi menjadi mutlak untuk dilakukan. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi daya saing UKM adalah daya inovasi dan kemampuan teknologi. Keterbatasan kemampuan teknologi pada UKM disebabkan lemahnya akses terhadap teknologi. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah tidak adanya titik temu antara lembaga penelitian dan pengembangan sebagai penghasil teknologi dan UKM sebagai pengguna, sehingga diperlukan adanya lembaga yang dapat menjembatani/penghubung antara lembaga litbang dan UKM. Dalam konsep Sistem Inovasi (SI), ada lembaga yang mempunyai peran dan fungsi sebagai penghubung, yaitu dinamakan Lembaga Intermediasi (LI). Sebuah lembaga dapat dikatakan sebagai LI, bila minimal mempunyai empat (4) layanan kepada UKM, yaitu (1) layanan berbasis teknologi; (2) layanan pengembangan SDM; (3) layanan/jejaring bisnis UKM; (4) layanan akses pembiayaan. Kondisi sebagian besar LI saat ini belum dapat menjalankan peran dan fungsinya secara optimal karena beberapa masalah yang dihadapi seperti pendanaan, SDM, sarana dan prasarana yang kurang memadai, networking lemah dan lain-lain. Diperlukan suatu strategi dan kelayakan pengembangan LI ke depannya, agar dapat memecahkan masalah LI, serta memperkuat posisi dan perannya dalam memberikan layanan secara optimal dan terpadu untuk meningkatkan daya saing UKM di Indonesia. Balai Inkubator Teknologi (BIT) merupakan LI milik pemerintah pusat yang dibentuk oleh Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT) dan salah satu LI yang dinilai berhasil dalam menjalankan peran dan fungsinya secara optimal. Sejak dibentuk tahun 2001 sudah banyak UKM yang berhasil ditingkatkan daya saingnya, dan selain itu BIT berhasil menumbuhkembangkan beberapa UKM berbasis teknologi atau inovasi.