Code Switching in SMS Messages Sent by Javanese-Speaking Students
| Main Author: | Angga Dhevi Shintawati; English Department, State University of Malang. Advisor: Drs. A. Effendi Kadarisman, M.A., Ph.D. |
|---|---|
| Format: | PeerReviewed |
| Bahasa: | eng |
| Terbitan: |
, 2009
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: |
http://karya-ilmiah.um.ac.id/index.php/sastra-inggris/article/view/604 |
Daftar Isi:
- This research attempts to describe the types of code switching in SMS messages sent by Javanese-speaking students and the probable reasons why they do it. The research design of this research is descriptive qualitative. The source of the data is 105 SMS messages and the duration of the data collection started from 13 November 2007 until 14 February 2008. The results show that the types of code switching found in SMS messages sent by Javanese-speaking students are (1) intra-sentential code switching (64,1%), which involves a word within a sentence (30,7%), a single noun from another language (14,1%), a verb phrase (5,5%), a noun phrase (4,2%), a question (3,6%), a question tag (2,4%), an adjectival phrase (1,8%); (2) inter-sentential code switching (13,5%); (3) emblematic code switching (11%); (4) intra-lexical code switching (7,4%); and (5) changing pronunciation features (3,6%). It also found new kinds of intra-sentential code switching which involves a question and an adjectival phrase occurring in this research. Moreover, two other types of code switching which are not found in the research are (1) continuing the previous speaker and (2) intra-sentential code switching which involves an independent clause. The high frequency of the occurrences of the intra-sentential code switching happened because most senders like to do the code switching by placing a word within a sentence, a verb phrase, a noun phrase, a question, a question tag, and an adjectival phrase in their message. They do these because those kinds of intra-sentential code switching can shorten their message and can show their group identity. In addition, most of the words from other languages they are used are familiar to them. On the other hand, the lowest frequency of the occurrences of changing pronunciation features happened because few senders are not used to doing this kind of code switching in sending their messages. Only a very limited number of words occur in this last type are familiar among the sender’s community. Therefore, they rarely use them in their SMS messages. In this research the probable reasons include (1) inserting sentence fillers or sentence connectors (20,9%); (2) softening or strengthening request or command (13,9%), (3) economy (11,3%), (4) expressing group identity (10,4%), (5) intention of clarifying the speech content for interlocutor (9,5%), (6) talking about a particular topic (7,8%), (7) a real lexical need (7,8%), (8) being emphatic about something (6,9%), (9) presenting terms of address (6,1%), (10) quoting somebody else (2,6%), and (11) repetition used for clarification (2,6%). Since almost all of the message senders can speak more than two languages, many kinds of sentence fillers or sentence connectors are used in the SMS messages. Moreover, they use them to express their feeling which can indicate their emotional state or attitude, such as delight, surprise, shock, disgust, etc. On the other hand, the lowest frequency of the occurrences of the last two probable reasons for code switching occurring because most of the messages in this research are in daily language, so that only a few of the senders use quotations or repetitions in their SMS messages. Most of the senders prefer to write their message as efficiently as possible. They do not want their SMS messages to be too long and cannot be understood easily. In addition, they might feel they are difficult. One of the probable reasons for code switching, economy, is a new probable reason found in this research. This research suggests the Sociolinguistics students should think more critically about the other interesting phenomena in written discourse existing in society in order to give useful contribution to the Sociolinguistic study. Moreover, the future researchers are expected to develop and broaden their research by including all the aspects in code switching.
- This research attempts to describe the types of code switching in SMS messages sent by Javanese-speaking students and the probable reasons why they do it. The research design of this research is descriptive qualitative. The source of the data is 105 SMS messages and the duration of the data collection started from 13 November 2007 until 14 February 2008. The results show that the types of code switching found in SMS messages sent by Javanese-speaking students are (1) intra-sentential code switching (64,1%), which involves a word within a sentence (30,7%), a single noun from another language (14,1%), a verb phrase (5,5%), a noun phrase (4,2%), a question (3,6%), a question tag (2,4%), an adjectival phrase (1,8%); (2) inter-sentential code switching (13,5%); (3) emblematic code switching (11%); (4) intra-lexical code switching (7,4%); and (5) changing pronunciation features (3,6%). It also found new kinds of intra-sentential code switching which involves a question and an adjectival phrase occurring in this research. Moreover, two other types of code switching which are not found in the research are (1) continuing the previous speaker and (2) intra-sentential code switching which involves an independent clause. The high frequency of the occurrences of the intra-sentential code switching happened because most senders like to do the code switching by placing a word within a sentence, a verb phrase, a noun phrase, a question, a question tag, and an adjectival phrase in their message. They do these because those kinds of intra-sentential code switching can shorten their message and can show their group identity. In addition, most of the words from other languages they are used are familiar to them. On the other hand, the lowest frequency of the occurrences of changing pronunciation features happened because few senders are not used to doing this kind of code switching in sending their messages. Only a very limited number of words occur in this last type are familiar among the sender’s community. Therefore, they rarely use them in their SMS messages. In this research the probable reasons include (1) inserting sentence fillers or sentence connectors (20,9%); (2) softening or strengthening request or command (13,9%), (3) economy (11,3%), (4) expressing group identity (10,4%), (5) intention of clarifying the speech content for interlocutor (9,5%), (6) talking about a particular topic (7,8%), (7) a real lexical need (7,8%), (8) being emphatic about something (6,9%), (9) presenting terms of address (6,1%), (10) quoting somebody else (2,6%), and (11) repetition used for clarification (2,6%). Since almost all of the message senders can speak more than two languages, many kinds of sentence fillers or sentence connectors are used in the SMS messages. Moreover, they use them to express their feeling which can indicate their emotional state or attitude, such as delight, surprise, shock, disgust, etc. On the other hand, the lowest frequency of the occurrences of the last two probable reasons for code switching occurring because most of the messages in this research are in daily language, so that only a few of the senders use quotations or repetitions in their SMS messages. Most of the senders prefer to write their message as efficiently as possible. They do not want their SMS messages to be too long and cannot be understood easily. In addition, they might feel they are difficult. One of the probable reasons for code switching, economy, is a new probable reason found in this research.This research suggests the Sociolinguistics students should think more critically about the other interesting phenomena in written discourse existing in society in order to give useful contribution to the Sociolinguistic study. Moreover, the future researchers are expected to develop and broaden their research by including all the aspects in code switching.