Metaphors in Umpasa of the Toba Batak Wedding Cermony
Daftar Isi:
- Umpasa is defined as a poem of Batak Toba which is used as a means of deivering ideas, attitude, and cultural values (Simbolon et.al, 1986:14). Along the ceremony of Toba Batak wedding, there are a lot of utterances that are used to express the speaker’s ideas that implies advices, hopes, and suggestions to the bride and bridegroom. Next, the words of Umpasa are also used to express the speaker’s attitude towards the marriage like giving the bride and bridegroom blessings. In addition to delivering ideas and attitudes, Umpasa is also used to present the cultural values of Batak Toba that keep the kinship among family members. Words arranged in umpasa in terms of poetic values, contain philosophies of life, politeness ethics, laws and society. Toba Batak tribe is a closed society so to say something cannot be directly but must be coated with words that make its meaning disguised but easy to understand. The objectives of this study were to describe the kinds of metaphor, to explain the realization of metaphors, and to elaborate the reasons of using metaphors in Toba Batak wedding ceremony. This study followed the theory of Lakoff and Johnson (2003:14) which divided metaphor into three categories, such as: (a) structural; (b) orientational; and (c) ontological metaphor. The data of this study were the sentences from Umpasa that represented metaphor. This study revealed that there were three types of metaphor such as: structural (20%), orientational (10%), and ontological metaphor (70%). Metaphors in Umpasa were realized in two stages of Toba Batak wedding ceremony, they were Marunjuk and Marhata Sinamot. In addition to the types and the realization of metaphor, the reasons for using metaphor were to give advice, motivation, directions or guidance, and blessing