verein.wissenschaft Entstehung und Funktion wissenschaftlicher Gesellschaften
| Main Author: | Fröhlich, Gerhard |
|---|---|
| Other Authors: | Kammerhofer-Aggermann, Ulrike |
| Format: | BookSection NonPeerReviewed application/pdf |
| Bahasa: | de |
| Terbitan: |
Salzburger Landesinstitut für Volkskunde
, 2002
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: |
http://eprints.rclis.org/9998/1/Verein-Wissenschaft.pdf http://eprints.rclis.org/9998/ |
Daftar Isi:
- Science as work of single and lonesome heroes? Even today text books of natural sciences describe the history of their disciplines as a continuous follow up of ideas and predecessors of lonesome heroes. These (always) questionable clichés are absolutely obsolete, since "Big Science" came into existence: According to Karl Popper, science is not based on the objectivity of scientists, but on the "public character" of scientific methods - free critique and functioning scientific/scholarly communication. Competing hypotheses need attorneys, a jury and a public, the organization of status, credibility and priority. The quick acculmulation of knowledge since the 17th century, is, historically seen, quite new. The development of sciences as a field of their own happened in a "catholic" way in Italy (Galileo Galilei), in a "protestant" way in England (foundation of the Royal Society). The „World Guide to Scientific Associations and Learned Societies“(full of flaws and errors) listed approximately 17 000 scientific societies and institutions organized either as a club or association. Nearly all extra-university institutions are organized in such a way. They have quite an importance as new theoretical approaches, specializations as well as interdisciplinary tries of integration have to establish themselves extra-university first and can penetrate the universities only after some decades. Working groups, congresses, congress files, book series, journals, gray literature, public relations, bibliographies, databases, thesauri, also the development and enforcement of the internet were and are organized by scientific associations and societies. Librarians, documentalists, archivists fulfill important tasks in science, but are not (mainly because of arrogance) counted among the "literal scientific" sector. Their associations support the further education of their members, because of the rapid information-technological changes. The power of functionaries is quite big. Members with influential insider relationships („old boys networks“) can assign and award symbolic power and rewards (jobs, prizes) to each other. Modern sciences wouldn't have been able to develop and remain without the activities of scientific associations. Laboratories, congresses, journals - even the internet itself - owe their enforcement and existence to scientific-technical associations and societies.