ASSESSING FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY AND COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION OF WATER SUPPLY AND LATRINE PROJECTS IN LOW INCOME COMMUNITIES OF BIMA MUNICIPALITY, INDONESIA
| Main Author: | AQWAM, ADHI |
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| Format: | Thesis NonPeerReviewed |
| Terbitan: |
[Yogyakarta] : Universitas Gadjah Mada
, 2012
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: |
https://repository.ugm.ac.id/99841/ http://etd.ugm.ac.id/index.php?mod=penelitian_detail&sub=PenelitianDetail&act=view&typ=html&buku_id=56066 |
Daftar Isi:
- Problems of water and sanitation services provision in the low income community in Bima Municipality is characterized with the uncertainty of financial sustainability for operating and maintaining after being constructed. Several factors possibly raised that leads to this problem, such as: lack of financial source due to lowest level of tariff policy where income collected from user fees cannot cover the all the operational and maintenance cost and limited knowledge of the local water and latrine committee in managing the services. Lack of community participation during the project possibly another cause that influence the willingness to use, pay, and maintain service This research aims to assess the financial sustainability and community participation level in water supply and latrine (WS&L) projects done in two low income communities of Bima Municipality, West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia in 2009. The assessment of financial sustainability of the projects used the framework given by Montgomery et.al (2009) while Community participation level was assessed using the framework given by Wates, 2000. Additionally, the concept of dimension of participation introduced by Cohen and Uphoff, (1990) was also used to identify process of participation and its influence to financial sustainability. The type of research was exploratory and the research strategy used was survey. The data was collected through fieldwork and analyzed using the frameworks mentioned. This research found that financial sustainability and community participation level occurred in both communities were different. Seven enabling factors contributing to financial sustainability which had been tested in both projects can be explained as follows: - In Binabaru, most of enabling factors did not exist. Enabling factors existed in Binabaru are only accessible spare parts and monitoring and evaluation for operational and maintenance of the service. However, the service still do not have local technical expert and public works agency do not regularly monitor and evaluate it. In contrast, all enabling factor existed in Tanjung. Although households do not involved directly in monitoring and evaluation of the service, PNPM-P2KP and BKM do the monitoring and evaluation with good follow up. - In Binabaru, user fees collected from the household cannot cover operational and maintenance cost of the WS&L service. Revenue collected is not adequate even to pay for the electrical bill of the services. Therefore, the WS&L service is not financially sustainable. Meanwhile in Tanjung, user fees collected from the household can cover operational and maintenance cost of the WS&L service. Revenue collected is even more than the cost for electrical bill and maintenance of the services. Therefore, the WS&L service is financially sustainable. - The level of community participation in Binabaru Project is lower than in Tanjung project where in Binabaru were dominated by level of "information" where the provider acted alone in planning and implementation phases and community was only informed. In fact, participation process in Binabaru was limited during all phases including initiative, planning and design, implementation, and maintenance. Meanwhile, in Tanjung community participation level in initiative, planning and implementation phases were dominated by level of "partnership" where community acted jointly with provider. It was also found participation process in Tanjung was deliberatively and successfully done directly by the community. In Binabaru, low community participation level had influenced the absence of most enabling factors which had lead to financial unsustainability of the service while in Tanjung, high community participation level had ensured the existence of enabling factors which in following ensured the financial sustainability of the service. In conclusion, based on those results, this research accepts the hypothesis where "higher community participation level gives more financial sustainability of water supply and latrine project".