NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE AREA DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP INDUSTRI DAN PERDAGANGAN TEKSTIL DAN PRODUK TEKSTIL INDONESIA
| Main Authors: | , Kisnu Haryo, , Prof. Dr. Budi Winarno |
|---|---|
| Format: | Thesis NonPeerReviewed |
| Terbitan: |
[Yogyakarta] : Universitas Gadjah Mada
, 2011
|
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: |
https://repository.ugm.ac.id/89525/ http://etd.ugm.ac.id/index.php?mod=penelitian_detail&sub=PenelitianDetail&act=view&typ=html&buku_id=52222 |
Daftar Isi:
- The development of Post-World War II showed that efforts were made by the economist and the executives to build a free market system that transcending the national borders. Their efforts are understadable in the context of achieving the efficiency of using production factors which are limited and at the same time to achieve maximum benefit. To achieve these agreed objectives, an international treaty was signed to establish the General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT), which later on becomes the WTO agreements. Facing This thesis is aimed to investigate the reasons for the formation of the political economy of NAFTA. Then, in its growth why NAFTA changed into a closed economy and became a discriminative regional organization. However, the other important and interesting questions the thesis focuses to answer are what the implications of NAFTA�s policies have been on the Indonesia�s industry and textile trade. the free market some countries have tried to create the regional cooperation. NAFTA ( North American Free Trade Area) then, was established to include the US, Canada and Mexico, and has been becoming an effective since January 1, 1994. This study is important from Indonesia�s point of view, since it is expected that by doing a research on NAFTA and its implications, it will be understood what political economic reasons to improve the bargaining position of its member countries in struggling their economic interests in the world economic arena. By doing this, it is also expected this study will have the contributions for the government and business in the field of Indonesian textile industry and trade in dealing with the trade blocs in the era of free market. This study uses a descriptive analytical method through data collection, data selection and data processing by connecting with the history of the formation of NAFTA, rules and policies taken by the organization, and the implications that faced by the Indonesian textile industry. This research also employs qualitative methods through deepening interviews with the policy makers, industrial actors, and field observations. This research is a secondary study by using some informations from books, magazines, internet, journals and data from the competent institution, such as BPS, API, and the Indonesian Ministry of Commerce. This study concludes that the reasons of forming NAFTA are as follows: to resolve regional crises, strengthening the bargaining position, and increasing the economic competitiveness. At the beginning of its growth, NAFTA is originally expected to be a regionalism aimed to implementing a market liberalization. The organization, however, has changed to become a discriminative and restrictive closed trade area. Of course, this is contradictory to the principles of market liberalization adopted by the WTO, like Most Favored Nations or the principle of non-discrimination principle, reciprocity principle, transparency principle, national treatment principle. From the interest perspective of the Indonesian textile industry and trade, NAFTA is the main market for exports because of NAFTA absorbing an average of 43% of total textile exports in 2008. It means almost US $ 4,241,371,515 of Indonesia�s total exports reaching US $ 9.4 billion. Responding the discriminative and restrictive policies of NAFTA against the interest of Indonesia�s textile industry, policies and measures have to be taken by the government and the textile and clothing industry and trade by adopting some penetration actions. It is a right time for the government taking a strong role in saving the bankruptcy of Indonesia�s textile industry and trade. Therefore, rules and policies adopted by NAFTA have greatly affected the Indonesia�s textile industry and trade. Terms and discriminatory and restrictive policies adopted by the NAFTA have a very adverse effect on industry and trade of Indonesia�s TPT. It is proved by the growing relocation of industries, capital flight abroad, and bankruptcy of many enterprises in the textile sector, and then increasing unemployment, and the declining competitiveness of Indonesia�s textile industry.