PENGARUH PAKLOBUTRAZOL DAN SITOKININ TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BATANG SERTA BIJI PADI HITAM (Oryza sativa L. �Cempo Ireng�)
| Main Authors: | , DARUSSALAM, , Dr. Kumala Dewi, MSc.St. |
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| Format: | Thesis NonPeerReviewed |
| Terbitan: |
[Yogyakarta] : Universitas Gadjah Mada
, 2014
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: |
https://repository.ugm.ac.id/134019/ http://etd.ugm.ac.id/index.php?mod=penelitian_detail&sub=PenelitianDetail&act=view&typ=html&buku_id=74969 |
Daftar Isi:
- Most of the Asian population consume rice as a staple food, in contrast the black rice has not been consumed widely among them. The black rice contains high amount of anthocyanin which have function as an antioxidant. The black rice (Oryza sativa L. �Cempo Ireng�) is charaterized by tall stem as a major contibuting factor toward lodging and the photosynthate allocation on rice will determine the yield�s components. Paclobutrazol is growth retardant that inhibit the biosynthesis of gibberellin, causing the semidwarf or dwarf phenotype of the black rice. The endogenous content of the cytokinin is normally high at the initial phase of the grain filling and thereafter, its levels decrease sharply. Application of the paclobutrazol will retard internode and the culm length, reduce lodging, while the cytokinin application will stimulate the photosynthate partitioning, hence the cytokinin involve on the tanslocation process of photosynthate on the black rice will be elucidated. The aims of the research were to determine the effects of paclobutrazol and cytokinin on the photosynthetic rate and leaves area, grain and culm growth, the lodging resistance, endosperm cells number, dry weight of 100 grains and percentage of filled grains, the content of sucrose, starch, amylose and amylopectin in the grains. The seeds of black rice �Cempo Ireng� were used throughout of this research. Seeds were sown in the plastic container with the capacity of 10 kg soil as growth medium and fertilizer of organic fertilizer was applaied. Design of experiment used was a Random Block Design. Paclobutrazol at the levels of 50 and 100 ppm were applied on leaves at 10 weeks after sowing. The kinetin was diluted in 0.8% agar gel and was used as 10-5 M. Kinetin was applied at two weeks after anthesis by injection in the flag leaf internode lacuna, with two days interval. There were 6 combinations of treatments with 8 replications. The parameters were analysis of photosynthetic rate, leaves area, grain development, grain growth rate, the flag internode and panicle that were cultured in liquid (MS medium ± kinetin), the number of the endosperm cells, dry weight of 100 grains, percentage of filled grains, sucrose level, starch and amylose contents, plant height, internodes length, culm diameter, lodging resistance were also measured. Sucrose level in the grain using HPLC methode, starch content was determined using anthrone methode and amylose content was determined using I2-KI methode. Plant height, internodes length, culm diameter and lodging resistance were also measured, anatomical structure of culm and leaf blade were studied. Statistical analysis of the comparison of the means were performed using DMRT (P<0.05), and to evaluate the effect of kinetin treatments on grain growth used a student�s t-test. Results indicated that the net photosynhtesis, grains growth both in vivo and in vitro, dry weight of 100 grains, percentage of filled grains, and the number of endosperm cells were induced by cytokinin, while the leaveas area were reduced by paclobutrazol. Paklobutrazol (50 ppm) induced sucrose content. Starch and amylose content in the grain were induced by cytokinin, while amyloectin content was induced by paclobutrazol. Paclobutrazol (100 ppm) reduced plant height and internodes length, but increased the internodes diameter and induced lodging resistant. Parenchyma cells of culm (100 ppm packlobutrazol) changed in arrangement and cells were more compact with no intercellular spaces and the epidermis cells of the flag leaf became thicker due to paklobutrazol application.