MEKANISME PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT PASCAPANEN ANTRAKNOSA OLEH KITOSAN PADA BUAH PISANG AMBON CURUP
| Main Authors: | , Tunjung Pamekas, Ir.,M.Sc., , Prof. Dr. Ir. Christanti Sumardiyono, SU, |
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| Format: | Thesis NonPeerReviewed |
| Terbitan: |
[Yogyakarta] : Universitas Gadjah Mada
, 2012
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: |
https://repository.ugm.ac.id/100071/ http://etd.ugm.ac.id/index.php?mod=penelitian_detail&sub=PenelitianDetail&act=view&typ=html&buku_id=56346 |
Daftar Isi:
- Ambon Curup banana (Musa sapientum c.v. ambon Curup) is local banana fruit grown at the District of Rejang Lebong, Province of Bengkulu. The fruits are susceptible to the infection of Colletotrichum musae, an important postharvest pathogen on banana fruits. Controlling the disease with benomyl is considered to be environmentally unfriendly. An alternative method available for controlling the disease is by using chitosan. Chitosan may be extracted from fisheries waste, like crab shell, shrimp shell, and oligo pen skeleton, which are available abundantly in Bengkulu. The research objectives were to study the best source of local chitosan in controlling anthracnose on banana fruits and to evaluate the mode of action of chitosan in controlling anthracnose on ambon Curup banana fruit. Chitosan was extracted from crab shells, shrimp shells, and oligo pen using Bastaman method, characterized for the form, color, smell, pH, and deacetylated degree. Seven isolates of Colletotrichum musae isolated from seven cultivars of banana were tested for the virulence on ambon Curup banana. In vitro experiment was carried out to evaluate the growth of C. musae on agar plate mixed with chitosan at 0,5,10,15, and 20 mg/ml. In vivo experiment was also conducted to study the growth of pathogen on the banana fruit at 0, EC50, 2X EC50, and 3X EC50 of the chitosan concentration. The mode of action of the chitosan on C. musae was evaluated in vitro by growing the pathogen on artificial medium added with chitosan or distilled water. The mode of action of chitosan on the pathogen was also studied in vivo by dipping the banana fruit of ambon Curup in chitosan solution, pathogen suspension, or benomyl solution. The fruit responses to the treatment were measured. The results showed that all isolates had the same rate of colony growth. However, the pathogen isolated from pisang jantan was the most virulent isolate. The deacetylation of the chitosan sources showed that crab shells, shrimp shells, oligo pen, and standard chitosan had the deacetylation dregree of 75.64%, 75.64%, 74.92%, and 74.27%, respectively. All kind of chitosans demonstrated inhibiton effect on the vegetative growth of C. musae at early stage, and the best antifungal effect was found in crab shells chitosan, whose effect was more pronounced with the increase of chitosan concentration. The crab shell chitosan showed the best concentration of 21.34 mg/ml in controlling anthracnose disease on banana cv. ambon Curup. The mode of action of chitosan on the growth of C. musae in vitro was by reduction germ tube length, inhibition hyphal growth, reduction hyphal width, and reduction in the length of hyphal nodes, as well as lysis of hyphae. Chitosan reduced the respiration rate and ethylene production of banana fruits, lengthen the shelf life of banana fruits, induce lignification and callous formation on epidermis of banana peel, induce the production of total phenol compounds, and promote the production of total crude protein of the banana fruits. Compared to the benomyl application, the application of chitosan showed much greater effect on inhibiting the growth of pathogen and prolonging the shelf life of the banana. Chitinase was detected on banana peel after 12 days treatment with chitosan.