KEJADIAN DAN FAKTOR RISIKO STUNTING PADA BALITA DI DESA TARO, KECAMATAN TEGALLALANG, KABUPATEN GIANYAR
| Main Authors: | Kamayana, Pande Putu Yoga, Ani, Luh Seri, Weta, I Wayan |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article info application/pdf eJournal |
| Bahasa: | eng |
| Terbitan: |
Universitas Udayana
, 2021
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| Online Access: |
https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eum/article/view/77268 https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eum/article/view/77268/41078 |
Daftar Isi:
- ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Stunting adalah masalah yang cukup besar terhadap tumbuh kembang manusia. World Health Assembly telah menyusun rencana untuk mengurangi balita penderita stunting pada tahun 2025. Salah satu upaya yang diprioritaskan adalah mengembangkan identifikasi, pengukuran, dan pemahaman mengenai stunting. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui kejadian dan faktor risiko stunting. Metode: Studi analitik observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional telah dilakukan terhadap 41 balita usia 24-59 bulan di Desa Taro pada bulan Agustus hingga Oktober 2019. Subjek dipilih dengan metode convenience sampling dengan kriteria inklusi adalah balita yang tinggal menetap di Desa Taro, memiliki orangtua atau wali yang bersedia ikut serta dalam penelitian dan mampu memberikan keterangan. Kriteria eksklusi yaitu balita yang mengalami penyakit kronis. Data stunting didapatkan melalui pengukuran langsung terhadap tinggi badan dan umur balita. Balita disebut mengalami stunting jika nilai perbandingan tinggi badan dan usia anak dibawah -2 z-score. Data lainnya seperti tinggi badan ibu, berat badan lahir, dan usia kandungan dikumpulkan berdasarkan catatan pada buku KIA. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis secara univariat dan bivariat. Uji chi-square digunakan untuk mendapatkan faktor yang berhubungan dengan stunting pada balita. Hasil: Proporsi balita yang mengalami stunting adalah 34,2%, dengan tinggi badan pendek dijumpai sebesar 22% dan sangat pendek sebesar 12,2%. Balita yang stunting dijumpai pada anak yang memiliki berat badan lahir normal, tinggi badan ibu normal, ibu berusia ?20 tahun, mendapatkan ASI eksklusif, tidak memiliki riwayat diare 6 bulan terakhir, dan kondisi sanitasi tempat tinggal yang baik. Namun tidak dijumpai satu variabel pun yang berhubungan bermakna. Kesimpulan: Kejadian stunting di wilayah Kabupaten Gianyar relatif tinggi. Meskipun demikian, tidak dijumpai adanya faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting, sehingga disarankan untuk mengefektifkan upaya pencegahan stunting melalui deteksi dini stunting pada ibu hamil. Kata Kunci: Stunting, faktor anak, faktor ibu, faktor lingkungan.
- ABSTRACT Background: Stunting has a significant impact on human growth and development. World Health Assembly has endorsed a plan to reduce the number of stunted children in 2025. One of the actions prioritized to achieve this is to improve the identification, measurement, and the understanding of stunting. This research is aimed to identify the incidence and risk factors of stunting. Methods: An inferential observational study was conducted on 41 toddlers aged 24-59 months in Taro Village on August-October 2019. Subjects were selected using convenience sampling, with inclusion criteria are as follows: toddlers whom were residing in Taro village, with whose parents or custodians were able to give information and agreed to participate in this research. Toddlers with chronic illnesses were excluded from this research. Stunting data were obtained from direct measurements of the subjects’ body height and age. If the height for age is below the -2 line of the z-score, said toddler is classified as stunted. Other data such as maternal height, birth weight, and gestational age were collected from the maternal and child health book (buku KIA). The data collected were analyzed univariately and bivariately. Chi-square test was used to find any risk factors with significant correlation with the incidence of stunting among toddlers. Results: The proportion of stunted toddlers is 34.2%, in which 22% are stunted and 12.2% are severely stunted. Most of the stunted toddlers have normal birth weight, normal maternal height, had exclusive breastfeeding, never had diarrhea in the past 6 months, and have good access to clean running water. Nonetheless, not a single risk factor is significantly correlated with the stunting incidence. Conclusion: The incidence of stunting in Gianyar regency is still relatively high, but there isn’t any risk factor that is significantly correlated with the incidence of stunting. It is recommended to increase the effort in stunting prevention by the means of early screening in pregnant mothers. Keywords: Stunting, child factors, maternal factors, environmental factors.