TOXICITY, PHYTOCHEMICAL CONTENTS AND STARCH CHARACTERS OF GADUNG (Dioscorea hispida Dennst.) TUBER ACCESSION TIMOR LESTE, KALIMANTAN TENGAH AND DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA Toksisitas, Kandungan Fitokimia dan Karakter Pati Aksesi Gadung (Dioscorea hispida D
| Main Authors: | Nugroho, L Hartanto; Plant Structure and Development Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia., Estyaniyana, Anna; Plant Structure and Development Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. |
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| Format: | Article application/pdf eJournal |
| Bahasa: | eng |
| Terbitan: |
Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan
, 2014
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: |
http://ejournal.litbang.depkes.go.id/index.php/toi/article/view/8839 |
Daftar Isi:
- ABSTRACT Gadung (Dioscorea hispida Dennst.) known as a yam internationally is a medicinal plant. In Timor Islan, gadung is used as repellant of Rice bug (Leptocorisa oratorius F.). Moreover, in same places, gadung is used as an alternative food. The aims of the research were to know the toxicity, phytochemical contents and starch characters of gadung tuber which were collected from Timor Leste, Kalimantan Tengah, and Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY). Dry tubers were prepared for toxicity and phtyochemical contents analyses and fresh tuber were used to observe the character of gadung starch. The starch characters were shape, diameters, and amounts of starch grains. Tubers were extracted by Soxhletation apparatus using chloroform and methanol. The toxicity of gadung tuber was done using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Effect of toxicity from each extract was identified with the percentage of death larva and counted by probit analysis (LC50). Futhermore, the content of alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid of gadung tuber extract were detected using Thin Layer Chromatography. The starch characters were observed by stabbing the fresh tuber repeatedly with needles, was extracted viscous white fluid and attached to the glass slide and making cross section of tuber cortex, following by observation under light microscope. The results revealed that the highest toxicity was shown by chloroform extract of gadung accession from Timor Leste with the LC50 was 10 μg/mL. Extract of three accessions contained alkaloids, flavonoids and terpenoids. Three accessions starch grain had same characters. The characters were round shape and aggregate of each grain. Among the three accessions, DIY accession presented the bigest size of starch diameters and much number of aggregate in each parencyma cells.Keywords: Gadung (Dioscorea hispida Dennst.), tuber, starch, phytochemical, toxicity ABSTRAK Gadung (Dioscorea hispida Dennst.) dikenal sebagai tanaman obat. Di Timor Islan, gadung digunakan sebagai repellant kutu beras (Leptocorisa oratorius F.). Selain itu, di beberapa tempat gadung digunakan sebagai makanan alternatif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui toksisitas, kandungan fitokimia dan karakter pati umbi gadung yang dikoleksi dari Timor Leste, Kalimantan Tengah, dan Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY). Umbi kering digunakan untuk uji toksisitas dan analisis kandungan fitokimia, sedangkan umbi segar digunakan untuk mengamati karakter pati gadung. Karakter pati meliputi bentuk, diameter, dan jumlah butir pati. Umbi diekstraksi menggunakan alat Sokletasi menggunakan pelarut kloroform dan metanol. Uji toksisitas umbi gadung dilakukan dengan menggunakan Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Pengaruh toksisitas dari masing-masing ekstrak diidentifikasi dengan persentase kematian larva dan dihitung dengan analisis probit (LC50). Deteksi kandungan alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid ekstrak umbi gadung menggunakan kromatografi lapis tipis. Karakter pati diamati dengan menusuk umbi segar berulang kali dengan jarum, ekstraksi cairan putih kental dan diletakkan pada kaca benda serta pembuatan penampang umbi korteks kemudian diamati di bawah mikroskop cahaya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa toksisitas tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh ekstrak kloroform aksesi gadung dari Timor Leste dengan LC50 adalah 10 μg/mL. Ekstrak dari tiga aksesi mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, dan terpenoid. Tiga aksesi memiliki karakter pati yang sama yaitu berbentuk bulat dan agregat setiap butir. Aksesi DIY aksesi mempunyai ukuran diameter pati terbesar dan jumlah agregat terbanyak di setiap sel parekim.Kata