PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK BIJI PEPAYA DENGAN PROSES TRANSESTERIFIKASI
| Main Authors: | Lestari, Pratiwi Putri, Arsita, Sinta Dewi, Bakhri Batubara, Jimwi Iqbal |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article info application/pdf eJournal |
| Bahasa: | eng |
| Terbitan: |
Program Studi Kimia - Universitas Sari Mutiara Indonesia
, 2018
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| Online Access: |
http://e-journal.sari-mutiara.ac.id/index.php/KIMIA/article/view/396 http://e-journal.sari-mutiara.ac.id/index.php/KIMIA/article/view/396/374 |
Daftar Isi:
- Efisiensi produksi biodiesel dari minyak nabati perlu dikembangkan. Biodiesel merupakan bahan bakar yang terdiri dari campuran mono-alkyl ester dari rantai panjang asam lemak, yang dipakai sebagai bahan bakar alternatif terbuat dari sumber terbaharui seperti minyak sayur atau lemak hewan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari proses produksi biodiesel secara langsung dari minyak biji pepaya melalui proses transesterifikasi dengan menggunakan katalis KOH. Dimana penelitian sebelumnya menggunakan katalis NaOH (Daryono.2013). Variabel tetap penelitian meliputi jenis katalis KOH, minyak biji pepaya 20 ml, temperatur reaksi 60 0C, % FFA 0,512%, dan kecepatan pengadukkan 600 rpm. Variabel berubah penelitian waktu reaksi yaitu 45,75,105,dan 135 menit serta rasio molar minyak : methanol yaitu 1 : 1,5, 1 : 2, dan 1 : 2,5. Adapun parameter analisa yang dilakukan adalah penentuan yield, penentuan bilangan asam, dan kandungan metil ester yang diperoleh dari hasil reaksi transesterifikasi dengan analisa gas chromatography massa spectrometry (GC-MS). Dalam penelitian ini biji pepaya yang telah dikeringkan dan dihaluskan dimasukkan dalam soklet dan ditambahkan n-Heksan hingga menghasilkan minyak biji pepaya. Kemudian minyak biji pepaya dimasukkan kedalam labu leher tiga yang dilengkapi pendingin balik, ditambahkan metanol dan katalis KOH serta dilakukan reaksi sesuai dengan variabel penelitian. Filtrat dimasukkan dalam corong pemisah dan diamkan selama 3 jam agar terbentuk 2 lapisan. Lapisan atas sebagai metil ester kemudian dicuci (± 6 kali pencucian) kemudian dipanaskan agar dihasilkan metil ester murni dan dianalisa konsentrasi metil ester dengan GC-MS. Dari data hasil penelitian didapatkan hasil terbaik pada konsentrasi metil ester 97,678 %, yield metil ester 98,08 % pada rasio molar minyak = 1: 1,5 dan waktu reaksi 105 menit. Abstract : Efficiency of biodiesel production from vegetable oils needs to be developed. Biodiesel is a fuel consisting of a mixture of mono-alkyl ester from a long chain of fatty acids, which is used as an alternative fuel made from renewable sources such as vegetable oil or animal fat. This research was conducted to study the process of biodiesel production directly from papaya seed oil through the transesterification process using KOH catalyst. Where previous research used NaOH catalysts (Daryono.2013). The fixed variables included KOH catalyst, 20 ml papaya seed oil, 60 0C reaction temperature, 0.512 % FFA, and 600 rpm mixing speed. Variable change of reaction time research is 45,75,105, and 135 minutes and molar ratio of oil: methanol is 1: 1,5, 1: 2, and 1: 2,5. The parameters of the analysis carried out are determination of yield, determination of acid numbers, and the content of methyl esters obtained from the results of the transesterification reaction with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. In this study, papaya seeds which had been dried and mashed were put into soxhlet and added with n-Hexsan to produce papaya seed oil. Then the papaya seed oil was put into a three-neck flask which was equipped with back-cooling, added with methanol and KOH catalyst and reacted according to the research variables. The filtrate is inserted in a separating funnel and let stand for 3 hours to form 2 layers. The top layer as methyl ester is then washed (± 6 times washing) then heated to produce pure methyl ester and analyzed the concentration of methyl ester with GC-MS. From the research data, the best results were obtained in the concentration of methyl ester 97,678%, yield of methyl ester 98,08% at molar ratio of oil = 1: 1,5 and reaction time of 105 minutes. Keywords : Transesterification, Papaya Seed Oil, Biodiesel.