Phylogenomic dating and Bayesian biogeography illuminate the history of eucerine bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Eucerinae)
| Main Authors: | Freitas, Felipe, Branstetter, Michael, Casali, Daniel, Aguiar, Antonio, Griswold, Terry, Almeida, Eduardo |
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| Format: | Article Journal |
| Terbitan: |
, 2021
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: |
https://zenodo.org/record/4747544 |
Daftar Isi:
- Aim: This study aims to provide the first comprehensive dated tree for eucerine bees and to reconstruct their biogeographic history. It investigates how geological changes in the New World, as well as the paleovegetational setting of South America, influenced the evolution of eucerine bees. Methods: Using a published UCE data set, and multiple fossil calibration points, we carried out phylogenomic dating under two different clock models and used multiple strategies to vary matrix composition. We then reconstructed the biogeographic history of eucerine bees using a Bayesian implementation of the Dispersal Extinction Cladogenesis (DEC) model. Results: Eucerinae is estimated to have started its diversification during the Paleocene, with all of its tribes originating during the Paleocene/Eocene transition. We found no evidence that varying the amount of molecular data in analyses influences divergence time estimates. Biogeographic reconstructions highlight the importance of southern South America in the early history of eucerine bees. Our results also provide evidence for at least two range expansions into North America before the full closure of the Isthmus of Panama (Eocene and Early Miocene). Main conclusions: The early diversification of Eucerinae is intimately associated with southern South America, with periods of dry and cooler climates probably influencing the colonization of other regions by eucerine bees. The multiple instances of range expansion out of South America before the full closure of the Isthmus of Panama were probably associated with the expansion of open vegetation habitats. Additionally, we show that most of the uncertainty in divergence time estimation is associated with fossil calibration and uncertainty in molecular data information, not the amount of molecular data being used.