TURİZM ODAKLI KALKINMA SÜRECİNDE KARŞILAŞILAN SORUNLAR: KAYSERİ İLİ ÖRNEĞİ / CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED IN TOURISM FOCUSED DEVELOPMENT PROCESS: THE CASE OF KAYSERI PROVINCE
| Main Authors: | Ömer Şanlıoğlu, Bilgehan Demirezen |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article Journal |
| Terbitan: |
, 2020
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| Online Access: |
https://zenodo.org/record/4411277 |
Daftar Isi:
- Özet Bu çalışmada turizm odaklı kalkınma sürecinde Kayseri ilinde karşılaşılan başlıca sorunlar tespit edilmekte ve bu sorunlara yönelik çeşitli çözüm önerileri ortaya konulmaktadır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yaklaşımı benimsenmiş ve araştırma verileri Kayseri ilinde bulunan 20 turizm sektörü paydaşı ile yarı yapılandırılmış mülakat yöntemi kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda ise turizm odaklı kalkınma sürecinde yatırım, tanıtım ve pazarlama faaliyetlerinin yetersizliği, destinasyon yönetim örgütü ve genel bir turizm master planı olmaması, güçlü bir marka ve imaj geliştirememe, turizm faaliyetlerinin tek bir sezona ve bölgeye yoğunlaşması, turizm işletmelerinin nicelik ve niteliklerinin yetersiz olması, nitelikli işgücü eksikliği, yerel halkın turizme katılımının sağlanamaması, teşvikler ve finansman konusunda sorunların yaşanması ve paydaşlar arasında işbirliğinin yetersiz olması gibi birçok sorunla karşılaşıldığı tespit edilmiş ve bu sorunlarla mücadeleye yönelik çeşitli çözüm önerileri (genel bir turizm master planı hazırlanması, entegre destinasyon yönetim örgütü oluşturulması, işbirliğinin sağlanması vb.) ortaya konulmuştur. Ayrıca, araştırma sonucunda gelecekte yapılacak çalışmalara yönelik olarak önemli önerilerde bulunulmuştur. EXTENDED SUMMARY The Aim of the Study The aim of this study is to determine the challenges that Kayseri has encountered in the tourism focused development process and to propose various solutions for policy makers. At the same time, it is aimed to contribute to the literature on this subject. The challenges encountered in the tourism focused development process in Kayseri province are tried to be identified with the qualitative research method. Specific solutions are offered to eliminate the detected challenges. Literature and Theoretical Background It can be expressed as to improve the tourism sector, to benefit more from the tourism activities in terms of socio-economic, cultural and environmental etc. aspects and to develop the economy with tourism is tourism-oriented development. Many countries or regions are making great efforts to improve tourism sector, to get more share from tourism and to provide tourism focused development. However, many problems are encountered in this regard. In this context, when the national and international literature is evaluated, it can be said that a great nember of studies emphasizing the positive aspects of tourism focused development are encountered. However, it is seen in the literature that there are many studies to identify the challenges encountered in the tourism focused development process. These challenges confessed in the literature can be expressed as a lack of cooperation and coordination, insufficient incentives, concentration of the tourism sector in a single region, lack of infrastructure, accessibility problem, lack of local people's tourism awareness, insufficiency in investment, promotion and marketing (Neves, 2006; Dana et al., 2014; Petrevska and Matlieska, 2012; Niewiadomski, 2011; Brenner ve Aguilar, 2002; Lama, 2012; Zeng et al., 2005; Homlong and Springler, 2016; Durgun, 2006; Tuncbilekli, 2006). It can be stated that these challenges prevent the success of tourism focused development objective. It is important to eliminate these problems identified in order to be successful in the tourism focused development process. It can also be stated in the literature that various studies have been carried out in provinces such as Isparta, Nevşehir, Konya, Giresun, Amasya, Erzurum and Balıkesir. However, no study on this subject has been found in Kayseri province. This factor also increases the originality and importance of this study. Methodology and Analysis In line with the purpose of the study, the tourism sector stakeholders in Kayseri province have been identified as the population of the research. 20 tourism sector stakeholders selected from this population with the purposeful sampling method constituted the sampling of the study. Interview method, one of the qualitative research methods, was used as the data collection method. Data collected by semi-structured interview technique were analyzed descriptively. Empirical Results The result of the analysis showed that many challenges were encountered in the tourism focused development process of Kayseri. Some of the challenges detected are listed as follows: (1) limited publicity, marketing and investment activities, (2) concentration of tourism activities in a certain region and season, (3) accessibility with infrastructure and superstructure are not developed to the desired extent, (4) the perception towards the city is generally negative, (5) inadequate education level of local tradesmen and people about tourism, (6) lack of the brand and image, (7) lack of destination management organization and a general tourism master plan, (8) inadequate cooperation and coordination, (9) ) inability of the current international events and the tour (package tour) organizations in the region, (11) investments cannot be diversified, (12) investment procedures make investments difficult, (13) lack of qualified labour force, (14) inappropriateness of the accommodation or product pricing policies of the accommodation enterprises, (15) failure to integrate Kayseri with surrounding destinations, (16) failure of destination differentiation and (17) inadequacy of the budget and incentives. Conclusion The results of this study shows that the importance and necessity of planning and developing a common strategy for the development of tourism activities in Kayseri in the future. It has been concluded that there are important challenges in the city regarding tourism focused development and if these challenges are eliminated, the tourism potential of the province may be an important and efficient factor in terms of development. Besides, various solutions (preparing a general tourism master plan, establishing an integrated destination management organization, ensuring cooperation, increasing international events and tours in the region, etc.) were proposed to eliminate the challenges encountered. As an alternative to this study carried out based on qualitative research method, it will be an appropriate initiative to carry out quantitative studies on this subject in Kayseri. At the same time, examining the impact of factors such as cooperation, entrepreneurship, innovation and technology-oriented investment on tourism focused development in the region will make important contributions to the literature and tourism stakeholders.