Daftar Isi:
  • Представлено результати аналізу законодавчих актів та історичних документів щодо встановлення залежності між фіксацією в нормах законодавства ідентифікаційних маркерів для суб'єктів "чужих" для радянської держави періоду 1917–1940 років та формування недовіри в суспільстві на території УРСР. Аналіз норм навіть окремих законодавчих актів того історичного періоду показує, що ідентифікаційні ознаки осіб встановлювались для виокремлення "небезпечних елементів" і були легітимним способом знищення населення. Історичні архівні документи відображають безпосереднє виконання норм законодавства підтверджуючи висловлену позицію. Показано, що в результаті постійного застосування тодішньою владою законодавчих маркерів ідентифікації осіб за різними критеріями віросповідання, походження, власності, партійності тощо в суспільстві тогочасної УРСР встановлюється стійка тотальна недовіра як на державному інституційному рівні, так і на приватному індивідуальному рівні. This article attempts to define the interconnection between legislative provisions and their influence upon the level of trust/mistrust in the society in the historical period of 1917–1940 on the territory of the then USSR. All social sciences define trust as the base for building and existing interaction in society. The creation and existence of interaction in the legal area is not an exception. Trust is a subjective-objective factor to establish legal relations in any state. When establishing its law and order on a certain territory, each power aspires to keep it for as long a period as possible and, if possible, to spend the least for that purpose. Lack of trust towards the Soviet power manifested itself in the form of periodical food riots and other types of social and political instability on the territory of the then USSR, the Soviet power overcoming it using extra financial, human, and time and territory resources. Using a historical example as its basis, this article has a goal to prove the influence of legislative identification upon the creation of trust/mistrust and, consequently, stability/instability of law and order in the state. Depending on legislative identification that could be positive or negative, certain privileged or, on the contrary, restrictive legal frameworks were established to regulate the life of both individuals and entire social strata. Legislative identification was carried out based on identifying markers, including the following: origin, confession of faith, nationality, belonging/failure to belong to political parties or certain strata, possession of the property. Depending on persons' belonging to the above-mentioned categories, the provisions of Soviet law established specific restrictions of their rights and interests as well as prohibited these persons to perform certain types of activity. Prolonged use of negative legislative identification caused disappointment of people and created a stable mistrust towards the Soviet power and its representatives. Mistrust in the society got deeper when, using the same legislative identification markers, the Soviet power established on the legislative level different means of physical influence upon people in the following forms: restriction of food volumes, taking away of grains and harness, nationalization of property, forced resettlement of people without any indemnification for lost property or material aid to arrange living in a new place, etc. This article is written using historical method, comparative analysis and theoretical synthesis of norms of the Soviet legislation and the acts of the communist party. The analysis of individual legislative provisions allows determining a common tendency to categorize certain persons and social groups according to specific identifying features (markers) described in legislative provisions to find a legal possibility of restricting their rights all the way down to their physical liquidation. Analysis of historical archives confirms negative results of the use of legislative identification in the USSR. In particular, legislative identification resulted in a forced famine among Ukrainian peasants, the deportation of certain national minorities, administrative expulsion of the intelligentsia, the prohibition of faith, use of death penalty for the tiniest violation of legislative provisions.