АНТИРЕЛІГІЙНА ПОЛІТИКА РАДЯНСЬКОЇ ВЛАДИ І КРИЗОВІ ЯВИЩА В ХАР-КІВСЬКІЙ ЄПАРХІЇ УКРАЇНСЬКОГО ЕКЗАРХАТУ РОСІЙСЬКОЇ ПРАВОСЛАВНОЇ ЦЕРКВИ У 30-Х РОКАХ ХХ СТ
| Main Author: | Микола Яцюк |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article Journal |
| Bahasa: | ukr |
| Terbitan: |
, 2019
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: |
https://zenodo.org/record/2600800 |
Daftar Isi:
- The article deals with the process of institutionalization of the political component of the internal church crisis in the Kharkiv diocese of the Ukrainian Exarchate (UE) of the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) in the 1930's. The main purpose of the article is to analyze the emergence and development of the crisis in the Ukrainian Exarchate of the Russian Orthodox Church in the 1930's. The author highlights the main areas of activity of the Orthodox Church which have traditionally developed over many centuries of its presence in the Ukrainian lands and which of them were lost by the Church as a result of the anti-religious policy of the communist government. This fact, according to the author, led to deep crisis phenomena in Ukrainian Orthodoxy. It is noted that in the 1930’s the Bolsheviks’ policy initiated fundamental changes in all spheres of life in the Ukrainian lands. The power of Soviet Ukraine began an ideological war against the Orthodox Church. In the religious environment, the anti-religious policy of the communist government acquired particular urgency. The anti-religious policy in the Soviet Ukraine in the 1930’s provoked the emergence of numerous conflicts on religious grounds. The author argues that the Soviet authorities deliberately pursued a policy of exacerbating the conflicts with the church-religious environment, leveling and suppressing the dissatisfaction of Orthodox believers with anti-religious measures through the powerful and ruthless apparatus of violence of a totalitarian state. Having analyzed the socio-political situation in the Ukrainian SSR, the author came to the conclusion that the roots of the emergence and development of crisis phenomena in the Ukrainian Exarchate of the ROC were in depriving the Church of influence on the cultural-ideological, socio-economic, public-law and political sphere of activity. The UE constantly experienced destructive influences and undisguised pressure from political and punitive bodies of the communist government. Party, trade union, and youth organizations joined the war against the Church. The Soviet government adopted a number of laws that legally enshrined the right to pursue an anti-religious policy. It has been illustrated that during this period, not only the clerics of the UE of the Russian Orthodox Church, but also religious citizens of the republic, were under constant supervision and pressure. Having studied numerous archival documents, the author showed that in the 1930’s one of the main elements of a targeted repression policy towards the Church was the closure of Orthodox churches, chapels, church Sunday schools, temple libraries, and the like. In order to demonstrate false democracy, the Stalinist regime compelled to collect the signatures of so-called non-indifferent citizens, who advocated the closure of Orthodox churches in the Kharkiv Region. Many of the First Hierarchs of the Kharkiv Diocese of the UE of the Russian Orthodox Church, clergymen, and parishioners were repressed and killed in the Stalinist torture chambers. The anti-religious policy of the Soviet government in the 1930’s in the USSR and mass repressions destroyed the Kharkiv Diocese of the UE of the Russian Orthodox Church. The author concludes that the mass repressions of the Orthodox Church in Kharkiv was a logical implementation of the Bolshevik policy in the religious sphere. According to its results, the organizational structure of not only the Kharkiv diocese, but the entire Orthodox Church in Ukraine was destroyed. The party and penal organs of the USSR actively engaged in the physical destruction of the confessors of the Orthodox faith.