Historical features of the development of sports games in under-Soviet Ukraine in the second half of 1930s
| Main Author: | Tymoshenko, Yuriy |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Bahasa: | ukr |
| Terbitan: |
, 2018
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: |
https://zenodo.org/record/1254018 |
Daftar Isi:
- The objective: to find out problems and features of the development of sports games in Ukraine. Material and methods: The work bases on the usage of historical analysis of scientific literature and resources; systemic and comparative analysis. The results: The development of sport was aimed to personify the advantages of soviet style of living. The core of soviet physical culture was formed these years. The government needed new records to prove the effectiveness of soviet political system. Voluntary sport associations, founded in 1935, should have been the new structure to create “athletes-record players”. They were the promoters of new system of values being imposed on people, at the same time imitating the democracy of organization of the way of living of soviet society. Sports stopped to be private matter becoming a governmental one! The objectives for athletes then were sanctioned by the government. It has been proved that during the studied years the basketball championships were firstly organized at the city, regional and republican level. The provision of the organization of the games allowed to include athletes of one kind of sport to teams of another kind, so footballers, heavy athletes, swimmers and others were able to keep fit in winter period. Because game was quite dynamic, and arrangement of outdoor pitches was relatively cheap, the issue on expansion of tournament calendar to summer months holding them outdoors has been raised since the middle of 1930s. Tennis was tried to be cultivated on Ukrainian territories, but it hasn’t become a mass sports due to the lack of courts, balls and expensive inventory. Handball championships, which were very popular a decade ago, but later disappeared, were renewed since the middle of 1930s. It was best developed in Kharkiv, where it had long traditions, and Odesa. It was found out that football had the biggest popularity. It had also the biggest support of party functionaries. In 1935 Ukrainian team went to the successful tourney around France and Belgium where it won against the “Red Star” team – before that soviet footballers played only against teams of workers, but the French team was the first professional one. Women football was founded during these years. However, it didn’t reach stages further than experimental. Conclusions: since the middle of 1930s party recognized the presence of a healthy spirit in competition, and watching sports competitions was not considered as non-socialistic practice anymore. Since that time, we can speak about rebirth of sports sphere in physical culture which was illustrated by the introduction of a sports classification at the state level. The introduction of honorary and sports titles was the feature of changes in governmental policy on physical culture. With their help government wished to differ athletes creating something like hierarchy with not personal achievements but loyalty to the government underlying. At the same time, loyalty did not guarantee security in the conditions of state terror that unfolded in the specified years. Political reality of soviet everyday life of the middle of 1930s faced sports games. In society, the hysteria of persecuting enemies is gradually being thrown up, an atmosphere of fear for tomorrow is created, in which it is easier to manipulate people. The leading athletes and organizers of physical culture were also repressed. The analysis of social and political life in USSR gives us a right to claim that repression were seen by soviet government not as a means of combating regime rivalries, but as one of common tools of ruling the country.