Spatial Model of Land Degradation and Water Pollution Caused by Illegal Gold Mining Activities in Raya Watershed, W
| Main Authors: | Romiyanto, Romiyanto, Barus, Baba, Sudadi, Untung |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article info application/pdf eJournal |
| Bahasa: | eng |
| Terbitan: |
Departemen Ilmu Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan
, 2015
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| Online Access: |
http://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/jtanah/article/view/14836 http://journal.ipb.ac.id/index.php/jtanah/article/view/14836/10946 |
Daftar Isi:
- Aktivitas pertambangan emas tanpa izin menyebabkan terbentuknya lubang tambang, tailing, vegetasi tercekam dan lahan terbuka. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan mengembangkan model spasial kerusakan lahan dan pencemaran perairan akibat penambangan emas tanpa izin di DAS Raya, Kalimantan Barat. Model kerusakan lahan dikembangkan berdasarkan perkalian skor umur tambang dan jenis tailing, sedangkan skor untuk model pencemaran perairan didasarkan hasil analisis distribusi spasial kadar total dissolved solids (TDS) dan Hg air Danau Serantangan. Vegetasi di area terdegradasi menunjukkan gejala defisiensi dan toksisitas hara. Berdasarkan NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index), area terdegradasi menghasilkan kisaran nilai 0.1-0.6. Tingkat kerusakan lahan di areal penelitian diklasifikasikan agak rusak (29.33%), rusak (28.70%) dan sangat rusak (41.97% dari total luas 4,551 ha), sedangkan 65.87% atau 83 ha areal perairan Danau Serantangan diklasifikasikan sangat tercemar berdasarkan kadar Hg dan TDS. Tingkat akurasi model spasial kerusakan lahan dan pencemaran perairan yang dikembangkan masing-masing mencapai 88.30 dan 82.57%. Kata kunci: Pertambangan emas tanpa izin, kerusakan lahan, model spasial, pencemaran air
- Illegal gold mining activities create mine pits, taillings, stressed vegetation and unvegetated land. The aims of this study were to identify and to develop spatial model of land degradation and water pollution caused by illegal gold mining activities in Raya watershed, West Kalimantan. The spatial land degradation model was developed by multiplication the score of mine age and type of mine tailings, while the scores for water pollution was based on the results of spatial distribution analysis of the water’s total dissolved solids (TDS) and Hg concentration levels in Lake Serantangan. Vegetations of the degraded area showed nutrient deficiency and toxicity symptoms. Based on the NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index), the degraded area generated a value range of 0.1-0.6. Mine land in the study area were classified as rather degraded (29.33%), degraded (28.70%), and severe degraded (41.97% of the total 4,551 ha area). While, 65.87% or 83 ha of the Lake Serantangan area was classified as severely polluted based on the water’s concentration of Hg and TDS. The accuracy of the spatial model developed was 88.30 and 82.57% for land degradation and water pollution, respectively. Keywords: Illegal gold mining, land degradation, spatial model, water pollution