LIMBAH BATANG POHON PISANG (Musa paradisiaca) SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PEMBENTUK BIOPLASTIK
| Main Author: | Deborah |
|---|---|
| Format: | bachelorthesis doc-type Bachelors |
| Bahasa: | ind |
| Terbitan: |
, 2012
|
| Online Access: |
http://repository.unpad.ac.id/frontdoor/index/index/docId/37856 |
Daftar Isi:
- Produksi pisang (Musa paradisiaca) yang tinggi menghasilkan limbah batang pohon pisang karena pohon pisang hanya dapat satu kali berbuah dan penggunaan batang pisang masih sangat terbatas. Batang pisang memiliki kandungan selulosa sebesar 45-50%. Selulosa merupakan bahan baku pembuatan bioplastik karena selulosa dapat diuraikan kembali oleh mikroorganisme secara alami menjadi senyawa yang ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah batang pohon pisang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pembentuk bioplastik dan bagaimana karakteristik bioplastik dari batang pohon pisang. Penelitian ini melalui beberapa tahapan, yaitu preparasi bahan, analisis kandungan selulosa dengan metode chesson, pembuatan pulp, pembuatan bioplastik dengan metode inversi fasa, dan karakterisasi bioplastik. Bioplastik dibuat dengan variasi rasio penambahan khitosan terhadap pulpselulosa sebesar 3:10; 4:10; dan 5:10. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan batang pohon pisang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pembentuk bioplastik. Kadar rata-rata selulosa batang pohon pisang diperoleh sebesar 32,22% dan kadar rata-rata lignin sebesar 4,78%.Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa bioplastik yang terbentuk belum homogendan tidak ditemukan adanya gugus fungsi baru pada bioplastik. Bioplastik dengan variasi khitosan dan pulp 3:10; 4:10; dan 5:10 memiliki densitas sebesar 0,9153 g/cm3; 0,9403 g/cm3; dan 0,9677 g/cm3 serta ketahanan terhadap air dengan% derajat pengembangan sebesar 13,965%, 9,194%, dan 6,364%. Pengujian sifat mekanik menunjukkan nilai kuat tarik untuk bioplastik dengan variasi khitosan dan pulp 3:10 sebesar 2,266 MPa,4:10 sebesar 3,2471 MPa, dan 5:10 sebesar 1,917 Mpa. High production of banana (Musa paradisiaca) produced banana stem waste since banana tree produced fruit only once and the application of banana stem is still limited. Banana stem has cellulose content about 45-50%. Cellulose is one of the raw materials for bioplastic. Cellulose can be decomposed by microorganisms to become environmentally friendly compounds. This study aims to determine whether banana stem can be used as a source of bioplastic material and to characterize the bioplastic product. This research was conducted through several stages, namely preparation of materials, cellulose content analysis using chessonâ€TMs method, pulp preparation, bioplastic forming by phase inversion method, and characterization of bioplastic. Bioplastics were made with variation of chitosan to cellulose pulp ratio 3:10, 4:10, and 5:10. The results showed that banana stem can be used as bioplastic forming materials. The cellulose and lignin contents obtained from banana stem were 32.22% and 4.78% in average. Test results showed that bioplastics produced in this research were not homogeneous and there were no new functional groups found in these bioplastics. Bioplastics with variation of chitosan and cellulose pulp 3:10, 4:10, and 5:10 have density values of 0.9153 g/cm3; 0.9403 g/cm3, and 0.9677 g/cm3, while the water resistance properties represented by degree of development percentage were 13.965%, 9.194% and 6.364% respectivefully. Testing of mechanical properties showed that tensile strength, for bioplastics with khitosan to cellulose pulp ratio 3:10 were 2.266 MPa. For bioplastic with ratio 4:10 the values were 3.2471 MPa, while for ratio 5:10 the values were 1.917 MPa.Key words: banana stems, cellulose, bioplastics