Efektivitas Leaflet dan Konseling terhadap Kepatuhan Minum Tablet Besi dan Kadar Hemoglobin Ibu Hamil dengan Anemia di Puskesmas di Kabupaten Bogor
| Main Authors: | Vernissa, Venni; Center for Public Health Intervention Technology, National Institute of Health Research and Development, Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia, Andrajati, Retnosari, Supardi, Sudibyo |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article application/pdf eJournal |
| Bahasa: | ind |
| Terbitan: |
Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan
, 2017
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: |
http://ejournal.litbang.depkes.go.id/index.php/MPK/article/view/6628 |
Daftar Isi:
- According to National Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) 2013, the prevalence of anemia in pregnant women in urban area is 36.4%. The treatment of anemia in pregnant women is conducted by administering 90 iron tablets during pregnancy. The majority of anemia in pregnant women is mostly caused by lacking of iron (Fe) due to lack of adherence in taking iron tablets. The objective of this research was to assess the effectiveness of leaflet compared to counseling to improve adherence and increasing hemoglobin status of pregnant women with anemia in primary health care in Bogor District. The research design was quasi-experimental by giving counseling as an intervention conducted by pharmacists to 79 pregnant women with anemia in Cibungbulan primary health care and delivering leaflet to 79 pregnant women with anemia in Ciluengsi primary health care Bogor District in 2013. The evaluation was conducted by using MMAS-8 (Morisky Medication Adherence Scale) questionnaires and Hb rate with STAT-Site MHgb equipment a month after the intervention. Data analysis was carried out with Chi-Square test, Wilcoxon test, Mann-Whitney test and multivariate logistic regression analysis. This research suggests that either counseling by pharmacist or leaflet increases adherence to take iron tablets (P < 0.05). The effectiveness of leaflets and counseling to increase adherence to pregnant women with anemia were not statistically different. Pregnant women with anemia who adhere to take iron tablet have their Hb rate improved 3.24 times compared to those who do not adhere to take iron tablet. Pregnant women with anemia who eat food source of heme every day have their Hb rate improved 2.31 times compared to those who do not eat food source of heme every day. Abstrak Menurut Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2013, prevalensi anemia pada ibu hamil di perkotaan sebesar 36,4%. Penanggulangan anemia pada ibu hamil dilakukan dengan pemberian minimal 90 tablet besi selama kehamilannya. Sebagian besar anemia pada ibu hamil di Indonesia disebabkan karena kekurangan zat besi (Fe) akibat ketidakpatuhannya meminum tablet besi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menilai efektivitas leaflet dibandingkan konseling terhadap peningkatan kepatuhan minum tablet besi dan kadar hemoglobin (Hb) ibu hamil dengan anemia di dua puskesmas di Kabupaten Bogor. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuasi eksperimen, dengan intervensi berupa konseling oleh apoteker pada 79 ibu hamil dengan anemia di Puskesmas Cibungbulan dan pemberian leaflet pada 79 ibu hamil dengan anemia di Puskesmas Cileungsi Kabupaten Bogor pada tahun 2013. Sebulan setelah intervensi, dilakukan evaluasi untuk menilai peningkatan kepatuhan minum tablet besi dan kadar Hb menggunakan kuesioner MMAS-8 dan pengukuran kadar Hb. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji Chi-square, uji Wilcoxon, uji Mann Whitney dan uji regresi logistik multivariat. Kesimpulan bahwa konseling oleh apoteker atau pemberian leaflet pada ibu hamil dengan anemia meningkatkan kepatuhan minum tablet besi (P < 0,05) secara bermakna. Efektivitas leaflet dan konseling terhadap peningkatan kepatuhan minum tablet besi pada ibu hamil dengan anemia secara statistik tidak berbeda. Peningkatan kepatuhan minum obat dan makan makanan yang mengandung protein setiap hari dapat meningkatkan kadar Hb secara bermakna (P < 0,05). Ibu hamil dengan anemia yang patuh minum tablet besi, kadar Hb-nya meningkat 3,24 kali dibandingkan yang tidak. Ibu hamil dengan anemia yang makan makanan yang mengandung protein setiap hari, kadar Hb-nya meningkat 2,31 kali dibandingkan ibu yang tidak makan makanan yang mengandung protein.