Apologizing strategies used by English Departement Students of state University of Malang based on social status and social distance / Rokhima Ika Wulandari
| Main Author: | Wulandari, Rokhima Ika |
|---|---|
| Format: | Thesis NonPeerReviewed |
| Terbitan: |
, 2009
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| Online Access: |
http://repository.um.ac.id/10892/ |
Daftar Isi:
- ABSTRACTWulandariRokhimaIka.2008.ApologizingStrategiesUsedbyEnglishDepartmentStudentsofStateUniversityofMalangBasedonSocialStatusandSocialDistance.Thesis.EnglishDepartmentFacultyofLettersStateUniversityofMalang.AdvisorDrs.NurMukminatienM.Pd.KeywordsSocio-pragmaticsApologizingstrategiesSocialStatusSocialDistanceEnglishDepartmentStudentsofStateUniversityofMalangIFIDThisthesisisasocio-pragmaticstudyabouttheapologizingstrategiesusedbyEnglishDepartmentStudentsofStateUniversityofMalangtoninepeoplebasedonsocialstatusandsocialdistancedifferences.Thesocialstatushereincludeslower-equal-andhigher-statuswhereasthesocialdistanceincludesanintimatepersonafamiliarpersonandastranger.TheapologizingstrategieswerecollectedusingaDiscourseCompletionTest(DCT)modifiedfromWouk(2006).ByusingDCTgettinglargenumbersofrespondentsandcollectingthedataandconstructingtoaccountforvariationinspeechactrealizationdeterminedbysocialstatusandsocialdistanceandcombiningallpossiblevariables(socialstatusandsocialdistance)canbedoneeasily.InthisstudyDCTconsistsofninesituationsinwhichtherespondentswereexpectedtogiveresponsesintheformofapologizingstrategiestotheninepeopleondifferentoccasions.Thefirstscenariowasapologizingtolowerstatusandintimatepersons(theirlittlebrother/sister).Inthesecondsituationtherespondentshadtoapologizetolowerstatusandfamiliarpersons(theirstudents).Inthethirdsituationtherespondentshadtoapologizetoastrangeroflowerstatus(anofficeboy).Inthefourthsituationtherespondentswereexpectedtoapologizetoequalstatusandintimatepersons(theirboyfriend/girlfriend).Inthefifthsituationtherespondentswereexpectedtoapologizetoequalstatusandfamiliarpersons(theirclassmate).Inthesixthsituationtherespondentswereexpectedtoapologizetoastrangerofequalstatus(anotherstudent).Intheseventhsituationtherespondentshadtoapologizetohigherstatusandintimatepersons(theirmother).Intheeighthsituationtherespondentshadtoapologizetohigherstatusandfamiliarpersons(theirboss).Finallytherespondentswereexpectedtoapologizetoastrangerofhigherstatus(alady).ThedatafoundwereplacedinoneoftheBlum-Kulkaetal.(1989)taxonomyofapologizingstrategies.Ifaresponsecouldnotbeclassifiedinthattaxonomyitismarkedasanewresponse.TheresultofthisstudyshowedthatEnglishDepartmentstudentstendedtousemultiplestrategiesorthecombinationoftwoormorestrategies.Therespondentsrarelyuseasinglestrategyinapologizing.Howeverthestrategywasuseddifferently.TakeanexampleIamdreadfullysorryMadam.IfyoupleaseIwouldcleanyourblouse.Thisdataconsistsoftwostrategiesintensifierofapologybyusingintensifyingadverbialandofferingofrepair.AnotherexampleisBossImsorryformakingthatfoolishmistake.IllretypeitsoonandIpromiseIllneverdothemistakeagain.ThatexampleconsistsoffourstrategiesIllocutionaryforceindicatingdevice(IFID)expressingresponsibilitybyusingadmissionofferingofrepairandpromiseofforbearance.IFIDisthemostcommontypeofapologizingusedbytherespondents.MostoftherespondentsuseditintheformofsimpleapologysuchasImsorryorforgiveme.Anotherfrequentsemanticformulausedisexpressingresponsibilitybyusingadmissionoffacts.ThissemanticformulaiscommonlyusedwithIFIDbutitcanalsooccuralonesuchasIcantattendyourpartybecauseIhavetoaccompanymymothertogotohospital.Offeringofrepairisalsocommonlyusedinseveralsituationsinthesefindings.BesidesthesemanticformulasproposedbyBlum-Kulkaetal.(1989)therearesixnewsemanticformulaswhichoccurinthesefindings.Thosesixsemanticformulasarerequestofapologysuggestionaskingsomethingaskingsomeonetodosomethingaskingforsomethinganddowngradingbyactingofteasing.Basedonthefindingsitcanbeseenthatsocialstatusandsocialdistancedoesinfluencetherespondentsinusingapologizingstrategies.Themoreintimatetherespondentsthestrongerthefeelingofapologizingoftheiroffence.Thehigherthestatusofthehearerthestrongerthefeelingofapologizingfortheiroffenceandthemorepoliteexpressionused.ThisresearchonlyinvestigatedtheapologizingstrategiesbasedonsocialstatusandsocialdistancedifferencesandthedataforthisstudywerefromaDCTwhichdidnotreflectthenaturallyoccurringspeech.Thereforeamoreextensivestudyisneededtocontributemoretotherealapplicationofsociopragmatictheory.Astudyabouttheinfluenceofothersocialfactorsinapologizingmightbeinteresting.