APLIKASI BERBAGAI AMELIORAN PADA MEDIA CAMPURAN TANAH PASCATAMBANG BATU KAPUR UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PERTUMBUHAN BERBAGAI TANAMAN KEHUTANAN SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF REKLAMASI LAHAN DI PROVINSI LAMPUNG
| Main Author: | ALAWIYAH, 1824151003 |
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| Format: | Masters NonPeerReviewed Book Report |
| Terbitan: |
, 2020
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: |
http://digilib.unila.ac.id/65380/1/TESIS%20TANPA%20BAB%20PEMBAHASAN.pdf http://digilib.unila.ac.id/65380/2/TESIS%20FULL.pdf http://digilib.unila.ac.id/65380/3/ABSTRAK.pdf http://digilib.unila.ac.id/65380/ |
Daftar Isi:
- Aktivitas penambangan terbuka telah menyebabkan kerusakan lahan, pencemaran air, dan pencemaran udara, serta kerusakan vegetasi. Lahan pascatambang batu kapur merupakan salah satu lahan kritis yang harus direhabilitasi agar produktif kembali. Salah satu kegiatan penambangan batu kapur yang ada di Provinsi Lampung adalah penambangan batu kapur di Bukit Camang, Bandar Lampung. Aktivitas penambangan batu kapur di Bukit Camang telah menyebabkan beberapa permasalahan seperti terjadinya kerusakan dan penurunan kualitas tanah, hilangnya vegetasi penutup tanah, kerusakan sistem tata air, peningkatan laju erosi, penurunan produktivitas dan stabilitas lahan, serta menyebabkan longsor yang membahayakan penambang dan masyarakat sekitar. Permasalahan tersebut dapat diselesaikan dengan kegiatan reklamasi lahan sebagaimana yang diamanatkan pada Undang-Undang Tambang Nomor 4 tahun 2009. Keberhasilan reklamasi lahan sangat ditentukan oleh pemilihan jenis tanaman dan pemberian bahan pembenah tanah (amelioran) yang tepat pada media tanam. Tujuan Penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis pengaruh berbagai jenis amelioran terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman kehutanan pada media campuran tanah pascatambang batu kapur. Penelitian dilakukan di Rumah Kaca Kebun Raya Institut Teknologi Sumatera pada bulan Agustus–November 2019. Penelitian ini dirancang dalam rancangan acak lengkap 7 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan menggunakan tanaman sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria), akasia (Acacia mangium), dan gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis) yang dikombinasikan dengan perlakuan amelioran: P0 (tanpa amelioran); P1 (AH); P2 (BFA); P3 (FMA); P4 (kombinasi AH dan FMA); P5 (kombinasi BFA dan FMA); dan P6 (kombinasi AH, BFA, dan FMA). Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis sidik ragam (ANOVA) pada tingkat kepercayaan 95% dan dilanjutkan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT). Bibit tanaman berasal dari Persemaian Permanen Balai Pengelolaan Daerah Aliran Sungai dan Hutan Lindung (BPDASHL) Way Seputih-Way Sekampung di Kalianda, Lampung Selatan. Media tanam menggunakan campuran tanah kapur Bukit Camang Bandar Lampung, sekam padi, pupuk kandang sapi, dan top soil Kebun Raya Institut Teknologi Sumatera. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : (1) Amelioran terbaik dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman sengon adalah asam humat tunggal (P1) karena dapat meningkatkan variabel volume akar, bobot basah akar, bobot kering akar, bobot basah tajuk, dan bobot kering tajuk. Respon pertumbuhan tanaman sengon tidak ditentukan oleh aplikasi FMA; (2) Amelioran terbaik dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman akasia adalah tanpa amelioran (P0) karena dapat meningkatkan variabel volume akar, jumlah bintil akar, bobot basah tajuk, bobot kering akar, dan bobot kering tajuk. Respon pertumbuhan tanaman akasia tidak ditentukan oleh aplikasi FMA; dan (3) Amelioran terbaik dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman gaharu adalah perlakuan FMA tunggal (P3) karena dapat meningkatkan variabel volume akar, bobot basah akar, bobot basah tajuk, dan bobot kering tajuk dengan tingkat ketergantungan terhadap mikoriza sebesar 60,173% (highly dependent). Kata kunci : amelioran, asam humat, batuan fosfat alam, FMA, dan pascatambang. ABSTRACT Open mining activities have caused land degradation, water pollution, air pollution, and damage to vegetation. Limestone post mining is a critical area that have to be rehabilitated in order to be productive again. Bukit Camang, located in Bandar Lampung is one of the limestone mining activities area in Lampung Province. It caused several problems such as damage and degradation of soil quality, loss of vegetation ground cover; water system damage, increasing of erosion, decreased productivity and land stability, and caused a landslide that endangers miners and civil area. This problems can be fixed by doing land reclamation activities which mandated in the Mining Law Number 4, 2009. The success of land reclamation is largely determined by the choice of plant species and the provision of appropriate soil enhancers (ameliorant) to the planting media. This study was aimed to analyze the effect of various types of ameliorant in limestone post mining to improve the growth of forest plants. The research was conducted at the Greenhouse of the Botanical Garden of Sumatra Institute of Technology from August to November, 2019. This study was designed in a completely randomized design for 7 treatments and 3 replications using Paraserianthes falcataria, Acacia mangium, and Aquilaria malaccensis plant combined with ameliorant: P0 (without ameliorant); P1 (Humic Acid (AH) 4 kg ha-1); P2 (Rock Phosphate (BFA) 350 kg ha-1); P3 (Vesicular Arbuscular Fungi (FMA) 500 spores plant-1); P4 (the combination of AH and FMA); P5 (the combination of BFA and FMA); and P6 (the combination of AH, BFA, and FMA). Data were processed by analysis of variance at the 0,05 significance level followed by the Least Significant Difference test. Plant seeds come from permanent nursery of Way Seputih-Way Sekampung BPDASHL in Kalianda, South Lampung. The planting media were a mixture of Bukit Camang Bandar Lampung limestone soil, rice husks, cow manure, and top soil from botanical gardens of Sumatra Institute of Technology with comparison of 2:2:2:1. The results showed that: (1) The best ameliorant in increasing the growth of Paraserianthes falcataria plants is a single treatment of humic acid (P1) because it could increase root volume variable, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, and shoot dry weight. The growth response of Paraserianthes falcataria was not determined by the application of FMA; (2) The best ameliorant in increasing the growth of Acacia mangium was without ameliorant (P0) because it could increase the root volume variable, number of root nodules, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, and shoot dry weight. The growth response of Acacia mangium was not determined by the application of FMA; and (3) The best ameliorant in increasing the growth of Aquilaria malaccensis was a single treatment of FMA (P3) because it could increase the root volume variable, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, and shoot dry weight with level of dependence on mycorrhizae was 60,173% (highly dependent) . Kata kunci : ameliorant, FMA, humic acid, phosphate rocks, and post-mining.