Subspecies and Distribution. V. m. arsipus Elliot, 1904 — NW Mexico (N Sonora) and SW USA (SE California & S Arizona). V. m. devius Nelson & Goldman, 1909 — NW Mexico (S Baja California). V. m. muticus Merriam, 1902 — SW USA (San Joaquin Valley of California). V. m. neomexicanus Merriam, 1902 — N Mexico (NW Chihuahua) and C USA (Colorado, New Mexico & W Texas). V. m. nevadensis Goldman, 1931 — USA (Great Basin). V. m. tenwirostris Nelson & Goldman, 1931 — NW Mexico (N Baja California). V. m. zanser: Benson, 1938 — N-C Mexico. in Canidae - Don E. Wilson (Lynx Edicions, 2009)